Thematic Change Workflow

Thematic Change Tutorial

The Thematic Change workflow takes two classification images of the same scene taken at different times and identifies differences between them. The resulting classification image shows class transitions, for example, from class 1 to class 2. Thematic change detection can be used to analyze land use, land cover change, deforestation, urbanization, agricultural expansion, water variability, and more.

See the following for help on a particular step of the workflow:

• Select a File for Thematic Change
• Thematic Change Settings
• Clean Up Thematic Change Results
• Export Thematic Change Results

Select Files for Thematic Change

In the File Selection panel, you will choose two classification images to include in thematic change detection. You can apply a spectral subset, and/or a mask to the first image you select. The supported input types are ENVI, ERDAS IMAGINE, and Esri feature layer.

File inputs can have standard or Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) spatial references. A pseudo spatial reference does not provide sufficient location accuracy needed for thematic change detection. Inputs with different spatial references are allowed. In this case, reprojection and resampling are handled as follows:

• If the files use different projections, the first input file establishes the projection that is used throughout the workflow. The overlap of the two inputs is the area that is included in the analysis.
• If the files use different pixel sizes, the input file with the lower resolution is resampled to use the higher resolution of the other input file.

1. From the Toolbox, select Change Detection > Thematic Change Workflow. Select an input file from the Data Selection dialog.

2. To apply a mask, select the Input Mask tab in the File Selection panel. Masked pixels constitute a separate class in classification output.

   Tip: Reprojected vectors are not supported when the original input data has RPCs. To apply a mask in this case, either draw the mask on the image in the current Image window view, or use the RPC Orthorectification workflow to reproject the image to standard map projections, then use the orthorectified image and the shapefile as inputs.

3. Select the Input Files tab again.

4. Enter the path and filename for the Time 2 Classification Image File.

   To navigate to a file, click Browse. The Select Time 2 Classification Image File dialog appears. Do one of the following:

   • If the file you want to use is listed in the dialog, select it.
   • Click Open File to open a new file. The Open dialog appears.
5. If reprojection and/or resampling are needed in either input file, the Advanced tab appears in the File Selection panel. See the end of these steps for a description of the available reprojection methods.
6. Click Next. The Thematic Change panel appears and the files open in a new workflow view. If the Time 1 Classification Image File was displayed in an active view before it was selected for the workflow, the image location is retained in the workflow view. Note that the image location is not retained for pixel-based images or those with pseudo or arbitrary projections.

Reprojection

Select a Reprojection Method from the drop-down list. The choices are as follows:

• Polynomial: A first-order polynomial warp includes an XY interaction term to account for image shear:

  x = a₁ + a₂X + a₃Y + a₄XY

  y = b₁ + b₂X + b₃Y + b₄XY

• Triangulation: Delaunary triangulation warping fits triangles to the irregularly gridded data points and interpolates values to the output grid. This is the default option.
• Rigorous: Performs a full projection transformation (including datum shift, if needed) for every pixel in the output image.

Thematic Change Settings

In the Thematic Change panel, you set parameters to use for change detection.

1. If the two input classification images have the same number of classes that use the same class name, the Only Include Areas That Have Changed check box is available, and is enabled by default. When the check box is enabled, ENVI groups those classes into a class named no change if there was no difference detected during processing. Otherwise, the output is a new classification image that includes all class transition information.

2. Enable the Preview check box to see a preview of the settings before you click OK to process the data. The preview is calculated only on the area in the view and uses the resolution level at which you are viewing the image. See Preview for details on the results. To preview a different area in your image, pan and zoom to the area of interest and re-enable the Preview option.

3. Click Next. Thematic change processing begins.

   When processing is complete, the Cleanup panel appears.

Clean Up Thematic Change Results

In the Cleanup panel, you can refine the change detection result and preview what the refinement will look like before you apply the settings. Performing cleanup is an optional step; to skip it click Skip and continue to the export step.

Tip: If you plan to save the vectors created during processing to a file in the final step of the workflow, the Cleanup step is recommended. Performing cleanup significantly reduces the time needed to export vectors.

1. Enable the check boxes for the cleanup methods you want to use. The following are available:
   • Enable Smoothing removes speckling noise during cleanup.
   • Enable Aggregation removes small regions.
2. Enter values for the cleanup methods you enabled:
   • Specify the Smooth Kernel Size using an odd number (e.g., 3 = 3x3 pixels). The square kernel's center pixel will be replaced with the majority class value of the kernel.
   • Specify the Aggregate Minimum Size in pixels. Regions with a size of this value or smaller are aggregated to an adjacent, larger region. The default for thematic change detection is 9. The default for image change detection is 100.
3. The Preview Window should still be open. Preview the results of your changes.
4. Click Next. The Export panel appears.

Export Thematic Change Results

1. In the Export Files tab in the Export panel, enable the output options you want. The following are available:
• Export Thematic Change Image saves the classification result to an ENVI raster.

• Export Thematic Change Vectors saves the vectors created during classification to a shapefile. The output area units are in square meter.

  Note: Depending on the image size, exporting to vectors may be time-consuming. To reduce the export time, performing the Cleanup step prior to export is recommended.

2. In the Export Statistics tab, enable any other output options you want. The following are available:
• Export Thematic Change Statistics saves the statistics on thematic change to a text file. The output area units are in square meter.
3. Click Finish to create the output, add the new layers to the Layer Manager, and save the files to the directories you specified. When the export is complete, the workflow view closes. The original data and the export data display in the Image window view.

See Also

Change Detection Analysis, Change Detection Workflow